Software Design and Development Model Question Solution BITM 5th Sem
Group A: Brief answer questions:
1.) What is system analysis?
Thank you for reading this post, don't forget to subscribe!System analysis is the process gathering information from users, identifying problems or inefficiencies, and defining what the system should do to meet organizational needs.
2.) What is Gantt chart?
A Gantt chart is a visual tool used to represent a project schedule. It displays tasks as horizontal bars along a timeline, showing their start and end dates, durations, and dependencies.
3.) Define feasibility study.
A feasibility study is an assessment conducted to determine whether the proposed system is technically, economically, and operationally viable.
4.) Define process model.
A process model is a structured representation of the phases and activities involved in software development. It provides a framework for planning, executing, and managing a project.
5.) Why do you need decision table?
A decision table is used to represent complex business rules and decision logic in a structured and clear format that helps analysts and developers identify all possible conditions and corresponding actions.
6.) Compare form with report.
- A form is an interface used to enter or update data into a system, often designed for user input, such as online registration or feedback forms.
- A report, on the other hand, is an output document that displays processed and summarized data, often used for analysis or decision-making, such as sales summaries or financial reports.
7.) What are interaction devices?
Interaction devices are hardware tools that users use to interact with a computer system. Examples include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, voice input devices, gesture sensors, and styluses.
8.) Define pilot installation.
Pilot installation is a system implementation strategy where the new system is introduced to a small, controlled group of users before being rolled out organization-wide.
9.) What is system maintenance?
System maintenance is the ongoing process of updating and improving a software system after it has been deployed.
11.) Why do you need use-case diagram?
A use-case diagram is used to visually represent the interactions between users (actors) and the system to identify the system’s functional requirements.
Group B: Short Answers Questions
11.) Explain heart of system development approach.
The heart of the systems development process refers to the core focus and essential activities involved in creating information systems that effectively meet user and organizational needs.
Key Components of the Heart of Systems Development:
1.) Requirement Gathering (Understanding User Needs):
- It is the process of collecting, analyzing, and validating what users need from the system.
- This is the most crucial step because the success of the entire system depends on accurately identifying and understanding user requirements. It involves interviews, surveys, observations, and document analysis.
2.) System Design (Designing the Solution):
- It involves creating a detailed plan for how the system will meet the requirements.
- It includes defining system architecture, user interfaces, data models (like E-R diagrams), and process flows (like DFDs). Logical and physical design models are developed to guide implementation.
3.) Implementation (Building the System):
- The actual coding, integration, and deployment of the system components based on the design specifications.
- Developers build the system using appropriate technologies. Modules are coded, tested, and then integrated into the overall system.
4.) Testing and Maintenance (Ensuring and Sustaining Performance):
- Testing is the process of verifying that the system works as intended and is free of defects.
- Maintenance involves ongoing updates, bug fixes, and improvements after the system is deployed.
- Testing includes unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing. Maintenance ensures the system remains useful and secure over time.
12.) What are different project management activities.
Project Management is the practice of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring, and closing a project to achieve specific goals.
Project Management Activities include:
1.) Project Planning:
- It involves defining the project’s scope, objectives, and deliverables, and outlining how the project will be executed, monitored, and completed.
- This phase sets the foundation for all other activities by developing a roadmap that guides the project team through each stage of development.
2.) Resource Allocation:
- It refers to the process of identifying and assigning the necessary resources—such as personnel, tools, equipment, and budget—to the tasks required to complete the project.
- Effective resource allocation ensures that each task has the appropriate support to be completed efficiently.
3.) Scheduling:
- It involves creating a timeline that outlines when project tasks and milestones should be started and completed.
- This includes estimating the duration of activities, setting deadlines, and determining the sequence in which tasks will occur to ensure timely project delivery.
4.) Risk Management:
- It is the practice of identifying potential problems that could negatively impact the project, assessing their likelihood and impact, and developing strategies to mitigate or respond to them.
- This activity helps prevent project delays and budget overruns by preparing for uncertainties.
5.) Monitoring and Control:
- It refers to the continuous process of tracking project progress against the established plan.
- This includes measuring performance, identifying variances, and taking corrective actions to keep the project on track with respect to time, cost, and quality objectives.
6.) Communication:
- It involves keeping all project stakeholders—including team members, clients, and management—informed about the project’s status, issues, and progress.
- Effective communication ensures that everyone involved has a shared understanding and that decisions are made with current information.
7.) Closing:
- It is the final phase in which the completed product or system is formally delivered to the client or end users.
- This activity includes conducting a project review, releasing project resources, archiving documentation, and identifying lessons learned to improve future projects.
13.) Explain project identification and selection process in brief.
14.) Why do you draw data flow diagram? What is context diagram?
15.) Explain physical file and database design in brief.
16.) How do you conduct systems maintenance?
Group C: Long Answer Questions
17.) Explain prototyping approach to systems development with suitable diagram.
Prototyping is a software development approach that involves building an early, simplified version of a software system, known as a prototype, to help users and developers understand system requirements and refine them through feedback and iterations.
- The goal is to clarify user needs, reduce misunderstandings, and improve the final system’s design.
Steps in the Prototyping Process:
Prototyping typically follows these four main steps, repeated in cycles as needed:
1.) Identify Requirements:
- This initial phase involves collecting the basic requirements of the system from users or stakeholders.
- Instead of trying to gather a complete and detailed list of requirements from the beginning, only key features and functionalities are identified to build the initial prototype.
2.) Develop the Prototype:
- A working model of the system is created with limited functionality that represents key aspects of the software.
- This may include screens, navigation, input-output formats, or even basic processing. The focus is on visible parts that users can interact with and evaluate.
3.) Review and Refine:
- Users interact with the prototype and provide feedback on functionality, design, and usability.
- Developers analyze the feedback and revise the prototype accordingly. This cycle of feedback and refinement may occur multiple times until the users are satisfied.
4.) Implement Final System:
- Once the prototype is refined and validated, the complete system is built using the gathered and clarified requirements.
- The final product incorporates the changes and improvements identified during prototyping, and it is then tested, documented, and deployed.
Advantages of the Prototyping Model:
- User Involvement: Encourages active participation from users throughout development, increasing user satisfaction.
- Improved Requirement Clarity: Helps uncover and clarify ambiguous or misunderstood requirements.
- Risk Reduction: Identifies problems early in the process, reducing the chance of costly changes later.
- Faster Feedback Loop: Users can see tangible results early, which speeds up the feedback and adjustment process.
- Better Design Decisions: Allows experimentation with UI, logic, and features before finalizing.
18.) What are different types of feasibility tests?
19.) Draw ER diagram for storing data about students, faculties, and courses at your college.
20.) Explain the process of formatting forms and reports.
Group D: Comprehensive Questions
21.) Draw context diagram and data flow diagrams up to level 2 of an online food ordering system to sell different food items to customers online.
22.) Explain Agile development in detail. Explain class diagram with suitable example.
Agile methodologies refer to a group of software development approaches based on the principles of the Agile Manifesto, which emphasizes flexibility, iterative progress, collaboration, and customer satisfaction.
- Agile is a flexible and adaptive approach to software development that promotes continuous improvement and responsiveness to change.
Key Principles of Agile:
- Delivering working software frequently – Agile encourages releasing functional parts of the product at regular intervals, often every few weeks, to provide value early and often.
- Adapting to changing requirements – Agile is built on the idea that customer needs and priorities can change. The methodology allows teams to embrace and adapt to changes, even late in development.
- Collaborating closely with customers and stakeholders – Agile emphasizes continuous communication between developers, users, and stakeholders to ensure the product aligns with business goals and user needs.
Popular Agile Methodologies:
1.) Scrum:
It is an Agile framework that organizes work into time-boxed iterations called Sprints, usually lasting 1 to 4 weeks
- It focuses on transparency, inspection, and adaptation throughout the development process.
2.) Kanban:
It is an Agile methodology that emphasizes continuous delivery, visualizing work, and limiting work-in-progress (WIP) to improve efficiency and flow.
- Unlike Scrum, Kanban does not use sprints but supports continuous delivery.
3.) Extreme Programming (XP):
It is an Agile methodology focused on engineering practices, customer satisfaction, and frequent releases through high-quality code.
- It encourages close collaboration with the customer, consistent coding standards, and frequent feedback to ensure quality and functionality.
4.) Lean Framework:
It is an Agile methodology focused on eliminating waste, optimizing processes, delivering fast, and continuously improving.
- It removes anything that does not add value to the customer.
- It prevents errors early rather than fixing bugs later.
Advantages of Agile Methodologies:
- Highly adaptable
- Promotes teamwork
- Delivers value early
- Encourages customer involvement
Disadvantages of Agile Methodologies:
- Requires active user involvement
- May lack comprehensive documentation
- Not ideal for fixed-scope or regulatory projects