Introduction to Programming Languages:
Programming:
Programming is the process of creating a set of instructions that tells a computer how to perform a specific task.
Programming is used to create a wide variety of software applications, including:
- Web applications
- Mobile apps
- Desktop apps
- Video games
- Operating systems
- Embedded systems
- Databases
- Scientific software
Coding:
Coding is the process of writing code, which is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do.
Code is a set of instructions that the computer can follow to perform a task. It is made up of statements, which are individual instructions that tell the computer what to do next.
Programming Language:
A programming language is defined as a set of instructions that a computer can follow to perform a specific task.
• They are used to write software programs, applications, and websites.
Here are some examples of programming languages:
- Python
- Java
- JavaScript
- C++
- C#
- PHP
- Ruby
- Assembly language
- Machine language
Levels of Programming Language:
Programming languages can be classified into three levels:
- High-level Languages
- Assembly Languages (Middle-level Languages)
- Machine Languages (Low-level Languages)
High-level Languages:
High-level languages (HLLs) are programming languages that are designed to be easy for humans to read and write. They use abstract concepts such as variables, functions, and loops, and they hide the details of how the computer works. HLLs are also more portable, meaning that they can be used to write programs that run on different types of computers.
Examples of high-level languages:
- Python
- Java
- JavaScript
- C++
- C#
- PHP
- Ruby
Assembly languages:
Assembly languages are programming languages that are designed to be translated into machine code, which is the only language that computers can understand directly. Assembly languages use symbolic representations of machine code instructions, which makes them easier for humans to read and write than machine code.
Examples of assembly languages:
- x86 assembly language
- ARM assembly language
- MIPS assembly language
Machine language:
Machine language is the lowest level of programming language. It is made up of binary instructions, which are strings of 0s and 1s. Machine language is the only language that computers can understand directly.
Programming Approach
There is mainly two types of programming approach:
- Top-Down Approach
- Bottom-Up Approach
Top-Down Approach
Top-down programming tends to generate modules that are based on functionality, usually in the form of functions or procedures.
- In this approach, It starts from top to bottom of a program.
- Function is considered as the basic unit.
Eg: C, Fortan etc.
Bottom-up Approach
The bottom-up approach in programming refers to a method of problem-solving where you start by solving smaller, individual components of a problem before combining them to build a larger solution.
- In this approach, It starts from bottom to top.
- Data, object and class are considered as the basic unit.
Eg: C++, Java etc.
Types of Programming:
- Structural/Procedural Programming
- Object-Oriented Programming
- Functional Programming
Structural/Procedural Programming:
Structural programming is a programming paradigm that emphasizes the use of subroutines, functions, and procedures to organize a program into smaller, more manageable pieces. This makes the program easier to read, write, and maintain.
Object-Oriented Programming:
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects and their interactions to design applications and computer programs. Objects are self-contained entities that contain data and code.
Functional Programming:
Functional programming is a programming paradigm that emphasizes the use of functions and pure expressions to design applications and computer programs.
