Business Data Communication and Networking

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Data Link Protocols

Data Link Protocols are a set of rules that govern data transmission at the Data Link Layer of the OSI model.

  • These protocols ensure reliable, error-free communication between devices by managing how data frames are packaged, transmitted, and received.

Asynchronous transmission is a method of data communication where information is sent one character (or byte) at a time, with each character framed by special start and stop bits to indicate the beginning and end of the data.

  • This ensures that the sender and receiver remain synchronized without requiring a shared clock.

Features:

  • Data is transmitted at irregular intervals.
  • Start and stop bits provide synchronization for each byte.
  • Simple and cost-effective, commonly used for low-speed data communication.

Advantages:

  • No need for a shared clock between sender and receiver.
  • Suitable for applications like keyboards, serial ports, and low-speed links.

Disadvantages:

  • Less efficient due to added start and stop bits.
  • Higher overhead for large amounts of data.

Synchronous transmission is a method of data communication where data is sent in a continuous stream, organized into frames or blocks, and synchronized using a shared clock signal or specific synchronization characters between the sender and receiver.

  • Used in networks like Ethernet and Frame Relay.

Features:

  • Frames or blocks of data are transmitted instead of individual bytes.
  • Synchronization is maintained using a clock signal or special synchronization characters.
  • Suitable for high-speed data transmission.

Advantages:

  • Higher efficiency since no start/stop bits are required.
  • Ideal for bulk data transfer and real-time applications.

Disadvantages:

  • Requires clock synchronization.
  • More complex and costly to implement.

Transmission efficiency refers to the ratio of actual data transmitted to the total data sent, including overhead like headers, trailers, and error correction bits.

  • It measures how effectively a transmission system utilizes its bandwidth.

Asynchronous Transmission Efficiency:

  • Lower due to start and stop bits added to each byte.
  • Ideal for low-data-volume communication.

Synchronous Transmission Efficiency:

  • Higher because data is sent in blocks without start and stop bits.
  • Reduces overhead in high-volume data transfer.

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