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Introduction

Cryptographic algorithms are mathematical procedures used to secure data by transforming it into a form that is unreadable without the appropriate key or method for decryption.

  • These algorithms ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of information by encrypting and decrypting data in a controlled manner.
  • They are fundamental in securing communication, protecting sensitive data, and verifying identities.

They are broadly classified into symmetric and asymmetric algorithms based on how keys are used in encryption and decryption.

Symmetric cryptographic algorithms are encryption techniques where a single shared secret key is used to both encrypt and decrypt the data, requiring secure key distribution between communicating parties.

  • The security of these algorithms depends on the secrecy of the shared key, which must be known by both the sender and the recipient.
  • These algorithms are efficient and are primarily used for encrypting large amounts of data.

Asymmetric cryptographic algorithms are encryption techniques that use a pair of mathematically related keys—one for encryption (public key) and the other for decryption (private key)—to provide secure communication without requiring prior key exchange.

  • The public key is shared openly, while the private key is kept secret by the owner.
  • These algorithms eliminate the need for secure key distribution and are often used for key exchange, digital signatures, and secure communication.

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