Here are the introduction of CPU and Control unit:

1.) CPU:

The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is the primary component of a computer responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations.

• It serves as the brain of the computer, carrying out various operations to process data and control other components.
• It interacts with other computer components such as memory, input/output devices, and secondary storage to carry out tasks and run programs.

Functions of CPU:

The function of the CPU can be broken down into several stages, often referred to as the “fetch-decode-execute” cycle.

Here’s an explanation of each stage:

‣ Fetch:

In the fetch stage, the CPU retrieves instructions from the computer’s memory.

‣ Decode:

Once the instruction is fetched and loaded into the instruction register, the CPU proceeds to decode it. During the decode stage, the CPU interprets the instruction and determines what operation needs to be performed.

‣ Execute:

After decoding the instruction, the CPU executes it by carrying out the specified operation. This operation could involve arithmetic calculations, logical comparisons, data movement, or control flow instructions such as branching or jumping.

‣ Store:

 After execute step the instructions are ready to store in the memory.

Major Components of CPU:

Let us now look at the block diagram of the computer:

1.) Control Unit:

The Control Unit (CU) is a component of the CPU responsible for coordinating and controlling the operations of the entire processor.

• The CU generates control signals that regulate the flow of data and instructions within the CPU and between the CPU and other parts of the computer system.
• It controls the timing of operations, including fetching instructions, accessing memory, and performing arithmetic and logic operations.

2.) ALU

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a fundamental component of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations on data.

• It can perform basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
• Additionally, the ALU can execute logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR.

3.) Memory Unit

The Memory Unit (MU), also known as the Memory Management Unit (MMU), is a component of the CPU responsible for managing memory-related operations, including memory access, addressing, and protection.

• It facilitates communication between the CPU and memory subsystem, including accessing and transferring data between the CPU and main memory.
• It manages memory allocation and deallocation, ensuring efficient use of memory resources and preventing conflicts between multiple processes.