Cyber forensics in Nepal has become increasingly vital as the nation embraces digital technologies. The government has implemented several legal frameworks to address cybercrimes and strengthen digital forensics capabilities.
Legal Frameworks Governing Cybercrimes in Nepal
- Electronic Transactions Act, 2063 (2008)
This act serves as the primary legislation for cybercrimes in Nepal, focusing on electronic transactions and digital records. It addresses unauthorized access, data breaches, and other cyber offenses. - Muluki Criminal Code, 2074 (2017)
The code includes provisions related to cybercrimes, such as unauthorized recording of conversations, taking photographs without consent, and selling or distributing photographs without permission. - Cyber Security Byelaw, 2077 (2020)
This byelaw outlines measures for securing information systems, including synchronization of system clocks with Nepal Time Protocol (NTP) servers, and sets standards for cybersecurity practices across public and private sectors.
Cyber Forensics Infrastructure and Initiatives
- Nepal Police Digital Forensics Laboratory
Assisted by the International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program (ICITAP), the laboratory is equipped with advanced hardware and software to enhance digital evidence collection and analysis. It plays a critical role in supporting investigations and legal proceedings. - Educational Programs
Institutions like The British College offer programs such as BSc (Hons) in Cyber Security and Digital Forensics, aiming to develop professionals skilled in combating cybercrimes and conducting digital investigations.
Recent Developments
- TikTok Ban and Subsequent Lifting
In August 2024, Nepal lifted a nine-month ban on TikTok after the company agreed to collaborate with Nepalese authorities to address cybercrime concerns and regulate content. This collaboration supports the Cyber Bureau of Nepal Police in identifying offenders and blocking inappropriate content in real-time.
Challenges and Future Directions
- Legal Gaps
Studies have highlighted the need for a comprehensive cybercrime policy in Nepal, emphasizing gaps in the current legal frameworks. Strengthening laws will enhance the ability to prosecute offenders effectively. - Capacity Building
Continuous efforts are required to improve the skills of law enforcement and judicial authorities in handling cybercrime cases efficiently. Training, workshops, and modern tools are essential for building national cyber forensic capacity.
Conclusion
Nepal is actively developing its cyber forensics capabilities through legal reforms, infrastructure development, and educational initiatives. However, as digital threats evolve, ongoing efforts in capacity building, policy enhancement, and technological upgrades will be crucial to securing the country’s digital landscape.
