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Model Question Microprocessor and CO(IT 239) Thank you for reading this post, don't forget to subscribe! Group ” A” Brief Answer Questions: 1. Define the terms microprocessor and computer Architecture. Ans: Microprocessor is a digital device on a chip that can fetch instructions from memory, decode and execute them and give results. A Microprocessor is an important part of a computer architecture without which you will not be able to perform anything on your computer. Computer Architecture can be defined as a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, management and implementation of computers. To be precise, it is nothing but rules by which a system performs and operates . 2. If A=101101 , what is the value of A after performing circular shift Right? Ans: In circular shift right operation each bit in the register is shifted to the right one by one. After shifting, the MSB becomes empty, so the value of the LSB is filled in there. So, the value of A will be 110110 after circular right shift. 3. Define term operand. Ans: An operand is the second part of the instruction, which tells the computer where to find or store the data or instructions. The number of operands varies among computers. 5. List the registers of Intel 8085 microprocessor. Ans: Registers of Intel 8085 microprocessor are: a. General Purpose Registers b. Specific Purpose Registers c. Memory Registers 6. Define Associative memory. Ans: An associative memory can be considered as a memory unit whose stored data can be identified for access by the content of the data itself rather than by an address or memory location .Associative memory is also known as Content Addressable Memory (CAM). 7. Explain left logical shift. Ans: In logical left shift, one position moves each bit to the left one by one. The Empty least significant bit (LSB) is filled with zero, and the most significant bit (MSB) is rejected. Example: 8. Draw the Block Diagram of microprocessor. A microprocessor consists of an ALU, control unit and register array. Where ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations on the data received from an input device or memory. Control unit controls the instructions and flow of data within the computer. And, register array consists of registers identified by letters like B, C, D, E, H, L, and accumulator. 9. What is memory space and address space? Ans: Addresses that are used by programmers are known as virtual addresses, and the set of such addresses is known as the address space. The address space is the set of addresses generated by programs as they reference instructions and data. Space where the address is saved in the main memory is referred to as location or physical address and the set of such locations is known as the memory space .The memory space holds the actual main memory locations that are directly addressable for processing. 10. Define general register CPU organization. Ans: When we are using multiple general-purpose registers, instead of a single accumulator register, in the CPU Organization then this type of organization is known as General register-based CPU Organization. In this type of organization, the computer uses two or three address fields in their instruction format. Group “B” Short Answer Questions(Attempt any 5 questions): 11. Explain about Hardware implementation of logic micro operation with its functional table. Ans: Here is the explanation of Hardware implementation of logic micro operation with its functional table: Function Table: 12. Why we need IOP? Explain Ans: The Input-Output Processor (IOP) is just like a CPU that handles the details of I/O operations. It is more equipped with facilities than those available in a typical DMA controller. The IOP can fetch and execute its own instructions that are specifically designed to characterize I/O transfers. In addition to the I/O-related tasks, it can perform other processing tasks like arithmetic, logic, branching, and code translation. The main memory unit takes a pivotal role. It communicates with the processor by means of DMA. The Input-Output Processor is a specialized processor which loads and stores data in memory along with the execution of I/O instructions. It acts as an interface between the system and devices. It involves a sequence of events to execute I/O operations and then store the results in memory. We need IOP for the following purposes: 13. Explain about Hardwired control unit of basic computers. Ans: A hardwired control unit is a control unit that uses a fixed set of logic gates and circuits to execute instructions. The control signals for each instruction are hardwired into the control unit, so the control unit has a dedicated circuit for each possible instruction. Hardwired control units are simple and fast, but they can be inflexible and difficult to modify. Characteristics of Hardwired Control Unit: 14. List Arithmetic instruction of Intel 8085 microprocessor. Ans: Arithmetic Instructions are the instructions which perform basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction and a few more. Following is the table showing the list of arithmetic instructions: 15. Define cache mapping. List the types of cache mapping techniques, Ans: Cache mapping refers to a technique using which the content present in the main memory is brought into the memory of the cache. The process of cache mapping helps us define how a certain block that is present in the main memory gets mapped to the memory of a cache in the case of any cache miss. There are three types of cache mapping technique : ‣Direct Mapping In direct mapping physical address is divided into three parts i.e., Tag bits, Cache Line Number and Byte offset. The bits in the cache line number represents the cache line in which the content is present whereas the bits in tag are the identification bits that represents which block of main memory is present in cache. The bits in the byte offset decides in which byte of the identified block the required content is present. ‣Fully Associative Mapping In fully associative mapping address is divided into two parts
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