Quantitative Data Analysis Methods are:
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- Inferential Statistics
1. Descriptive Statistics
Those statistical tools which are used to explain the activities or fundamental characteristics or behavior of a group or data is known as descriptive statistics.
- Common descriptive statistics include frequency, mean (average), median, mode, range, standard deviation, percentile, variation, and charts.
2. Inferential Statistics
The statistical method that helps to estimate the population from the analysis of sample data is known as inferential statistics.
- It helps to see the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Inferential statistics is divided into two groups as:
- Estimation
- Test of Hypothesis
A. Estimation
Estimation is the process of using sample data to make an estimate about a population parameter.
- Since studying an entire population is often impossible, researchers collect a sample and estimate values.
Estimation is made using following two methods:
- Confidence interval or Estimate
- Parameter Estimation
B. Hypothesis Testing
The assumptions that are taken about the characteristics of a population in order to make an estimate about a population parameter from the analysis of sample data is known as hypothesis testing.
- It is tested based on probability value (p-value).
First of all, level of significance or confidence interval should determine. If a researcher set 5% confidence hypothesis, then the p-value having less than 0.05, rejects null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis is accepted and vice versa.
Procedure for Testing Hypothesis
- State the null and alternative hypothesis
- Establish a level of significance
- Choosing a suitable test statistic
- Obtain the critical value
- Conclusions