Learn the concept of a research problem and the systematic steps in problem formulation: identifying broad problem areas, dividing subjects into sub-areas, selecting a focus, defining the problem, and setting objectives. Essential guide for BITM, BBA, and BBS students in Nepal.
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The term ‘Problem’ means a question or issue to be examined. Research Problem, therefore refers to some difficulty or need which a researcher experience either in theoretical or in practical context and wants to obtain a solution for the same.
- A research problem is a specific issue, difficulty, gap in knowledge, or area of concern that a researcher aims to address or explore through a systematic investigation. It forms the foundation of any research study, guiding the direction, scope, and objectives of the research.
- In simple terms, a research problem is the question that the researcher wants to answer or the challenge that needs a solution through scientific study.
Introduction
A well-defined research problem is the backbone of any successful study. In business research, it serves as the starting point for investigation, guiding researchers through literature review, methodology, and data analysis.
For BITM, BBA, and BBS students in Nepal, understanding how to formulate a research problem is essential to produce credible, focused, and academically rigorous research.
This article explains the concept of a research problem and outlines the systematic steps in problem formulation, ensuring clarity, relevance, and actionable research objectives.
What is a Research Problem?
A research problem is a specific issue, question, or gap in knowledge that a study aims to address. It represents the focus of the investigation and defines the direction of the research.
Key Characteristics of a Research Problem:
- Clear and specific: Easily understood by researchers and readers
- Feasible: Can be studied with available resources and time
- Relevant: Addresses real-world business or academic issues
- Researchable: Capable of empirical investigation
In simple terms, a research problem is the question your study seeks to answer, supported by logical reasoning and existing literature.
Steps in Problem Formulation
Formulating a research problem is a structured process that ensures clarity and focus. The following steps guide students and researchers systematically:
- Identifying Broad Problem Area
- Divide the Subject Area into Sub-Areas
- Decide About an Area
- Defining the Problem
- Decide About the Objectives
1. Identifying Broad Problem Area
The first step is to recognize a general area of interest. This involves:
- Reviewing personal interests and expertise
- Examining current trends and issues in business or management
- Consulting academic literature and professional reports
Example:
A broad area could be employee productivity in the banking sector in Nepal.
2. Divide the Subject Area into Sub-Areas
Once the broad area is identified, break it down into smaller, manageable sub-topics. This helps narrow the focus and identify specific research possibilities.
Example:
Sub-areas for employee productivity could include:
- Job satisfaction
- Motivation strategies
- Work-life balance
- Training and development
Tip:
Creating a mind map or thematic chart can help visualize sub-areas.
3. Decide About an Area
From the sub-areas, select a specific area that is feasible, interesting, and relevant. Consider factors like:
- Availability of data
- Research feasibility within time and resources
- Academic or practical significance
Example:
Focusing on the impact of motivation strategies on employee productivity in Nepalese banks narrows down the research scope.
4. Defining the Problem
Once the area is selected, clearly define the research problem in precise terms. A well-defined problem should:
- Specify the context and scope
- Highlight the gap in knowledge or practice
- Indicate the expected outcome of the study
Example:
“How do motivation strategies influence employee productivity in Nepalese commercial banks?”
A clearly defined problem guides the research methodology and ensures focused data collection.
5. Decide About the Objectives
The final step is to set research objectives that provide direction and purpose. Objectives should be:
- Specific: Clearly state what the study aims to achieve
- Measurable: Define how outcomes will be assessed
- Achievable: Realistic within available resources
- Relevant: Align with the research problem
- Time-bound: Specify the timeframe for study completion
Example:
Objectives for the problem above could include:
- To examine different motivation strategies used in Nepalese banks
- To assess the relationship between motivation strategies and employee productivity
- To recommend effective motivation practices for improving productivity
Conclusion
Formulating a research problem is a critical first step in business research. By identifying a broad problem area, dividing it into sub-areas, selecting a focus, defining the problem, and establishing objectives, students and researchers ensure that their study is structured, relevant, and actionable.
For BITM, BBA, and BBS students in Nepal, mastering problem formulation enhances research quality, academic rigor, and success in examinations or project work.
Call to Action
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FAQ Section
1. What is a research problem in business research?
A research problem is a specific issue or question that a study seeks to address, guiding the research process from literature review to conclusions.
2. Why is problem formulation important?
It ensures clarity, focus, and direction, making research feasible, relevant, and academically credible.
3. How do I select a specific research area?
Break the broad topic into sub-areas and choose one based on feasibility, interest, and significance.
4. What are research objectives?
Objectives define what the study aims to achieve and guide the methodology, data collection, and analysis.
5. Can problem formulation impact research quality?
Yes, a clearly defined problem ensures focused research, accurate methodology, and reliable results.