Research Design:

Research design is a detailed blueprint or structured plan for conducting a research study. It outlines how data will be collected, measured, and analyzed to answer the research questions or test hypotheses.

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• It acts as a guide to ensure the research is systematic, efficient, and yields valid and reliable results.
• It is a road map to start process and conclude research work.
• It helps to select research methods considering to limited resources.

It presents works of research serially from the beginning to the ends in a logical way.

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Characteristics of a Good Research Design:

• Realistic
  • The research design should be practical and grounded in reality.
  • It should match the available time, budget, resources, and skills.
  • Unrealistic designs can lead to failure or unreliable outcomes.
• Flexible
  • A good design should allow for adjustments when unexpected issues arise.
  • Especially in exploratory or qualitative studies, flexibility enables adaptation without compromising the integrity of the research.
• Feasible
  • The research plan should be doable with the given resources and constraints.
  • It must be practically implementable within the available time, cost, equipment, and human resources.
• Sufficient
  • The design should provide enough data to achieve the research objectives.
  • It must ensure all necessary variables are covered and the sample size is adequate for analysis.
• Validity
  • Validity refers to the accuracy of the measurement and whether the research truly measures what it intends to.
  • A valid research design eliminates bias and ensures conclusions are credible.
• Reliability
  • A reliable design will produce consistent results when repeated under similar conditions.
  • Reliability ensures that findings are not due to chance or errors in methodology.
• Generalizability (Generalization)
  • A strong design allows findings to be applied to a larger population or other similar contexts.
  • This is crucial in quantitative research where the goal is to draw broad conclusions from a sample.