Object-Oriented Development (OOD) is a software development approach that focuses on designing and structuring software based on objects, which represent real-world entities by encapsulating both data (attributes) and behavior (methods).
Thank you for reading this post, don't forget to subscribe!- This paradigm enhances modularity, reusability, and maintainability in software design by organizing code into self-contained objects that interact with one another.
- It is based on the principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), which organizes software design around objects rather than functions and logic.
Key Concepts of Object-Oriented Development:
1.) Objects:
- Objects are instances of classes that represent real-world entities with attributes (data) and methods (behavior).
- Example: A Car object may have attributes like color, speed, and brand, with methods like accelerate() and brake().
2.) Classes:
- A class is a blueprint or template used to create objects. It defines the attributes and methods that its objects will have.
- Example: A Car class may define properties (model, year) and methods (start(), stop()).
3.) Encapsulation
- Encapsulation is the practice of bundling data and methods within an object while restricting access to certain details.
- Example: A BankAccount class may hide balance details using private access modifiers and provide deposit() and withdraw() methods for controlled access.
4.) Inheritance:
- Inheritance allows a child class to derive properties and behavior from a parent class, promoting code reuse.
- Example: A Truck class can inherit from a Vehicle class, inheriting attributes like engine and wheels, while adding its own attributes like cargoCapacity.
5.) Polymorphism:
- Polymorphism enables an object to take multiple forms by overriding or overloading methods.
- Example: A draw() method in a Shape class can be overridden in subclasses like Circle and Rectangle to provide different drawing implementations.
6.) Abstraction:
- Abstraction hides complex implementation details and exposes only essential functionalities.
- Example: A Payment class may have an abstract method processPayment(), with subclasses CreditCardPayment and PayPalPayment implementing it differently.
Advantages of Object-Oriented Development:
✅ Modularity – Objects and classes allow for independent development and testing of components.
✅ Reusability – Classes and methods can be reused across multiple projects, reducing redundant code.
✅ Maintainability – Changes in one part of the system have minimal impact on other components.
✅ Scalability – New features can be easily added by extending existing classes without major modifications.