Group “A”
Brief Answer Questions:
1. What is DNS?
Thank you for reading this post, don't forget to subscribe!ans: DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is a hierarchical and decentralized system that translates human-readable domain names into numerical IP (Internet Protocol) addresses, which are used by computers to identify each other on a network.
2. What is dynamic web page?
ans: A dynamic web page is a type of web page that displays different content each time it is viewed. The content can change based on various factors such as user interactions, input, or data from external sources.
3. What is the use of <iframe> tag in HTML?
ans: The <iframe> (inline frame) tag in HTML is used to embed another HTML document within the current HTML document.
• It allows you to display content from another source or webpage within the current page, creating a kind of “window” into another document.
4. What do you mean by HTML events?
ans: In HTML, events refer to actions or occurrences that take place in the browser, often as a result of user interactions or other activities. HTML events are used to trigger scripts or functions, allowing web developers to respond to user input and create dynamic and interactive web pages.
5. Why is the use of CSS?
ans: CSS, which stands for Cascading Style Sheets, is a stylesheet language used for describing the presentation and visual representation of HTML and XML documents.
• CSS allows web developers to control the appearance of web pages, ensuring consistency, flexibility, and maintainability.
6. Define responsive web desing?
ans: Responsive web design (RWD) is an approach to web design and development that aims to create web pages that respond or adapt to various screen sizes and devices.
• The goal of responsive design is to provide an optimal viewing and interaction experience, ensuring that a website looks and functions well on devices with different dimensions, such as desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.
7. Define cookies.
ans: Cookies are small pieces of data stored on a user’s device by a web browser while browsing a website. They serve various purposes, such as remembering user preferences, maintaining session information, and tracking user behavior.
8. Why do we need AJAX?
ans: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) is a set of web development techniques that allow asynchronous communication between a web browser and a web server. It enables updating parts of a web page without requiring a full page reload.
9. What is jQuery?
ans: jQuery is a fast, lightweight, and feature-rich JavaScript library designed to simplify and enhance the process of client-side scripting in web development.
10. What is XML DTD?
ans: An XML Document Type Definition (DTD) is a formal specification that defines the structure and legal elements and attributes of an XML document. DTDs are used to validate XML documents, ensuring that they conform to a predefined structure and follow specific rules.
Group “B”
Short Answer Questions:
11. Explain HTTP request message in brief.
ans: The HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) request message is a fundamental component of the communication between a client (such as a web browser) and a server on the World Wide Web.
• It is part of the request-response model where a client sends an HTTP request to a server, and the server responds with an HTTP response.
• HTTP requests facilitate resource retrieval, data submission, and communication with APIs, playing a vital role in the stateless interaction between clients and servers on the web.
12. Explain structure of an HTML file with example.
ans: The structure of an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file consists of several essential elements that define the document’s structure and content.
Here’s a basic example of the structure of an HTML file:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Example HTML Document</title>
<!-- Additional head elements (stylesheets, scripts, etc.) can be added here -->
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
<!-- Additional header content can be added here -->
</header>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main>
<section id="home">
<h2>Home Section</h2>
<p>This is the home section of the website.</p>
</section>
<section id="about">
<h2>About Section</h2>
<p>Learn more about our website and its purpose.</p>
</section>
<section id="contact">
<h2>Contact Section</h2>
<p>Feel free to reach out to us through the contact form.</p>
</section>
</main>
<footer>
<p>© 2024 My Website. All rights reserved.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
13. How do you insert external style sheet in an HTML page?
ans: To insert an external style sheet into an HTML page, you use the element within the HTML document’s section. This allows you to link to an external CSS file, separating the styling from the HTML content.
Here’s an example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>My Website</title>
<!-- External Style Sheet -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
<p>This is a sample HTML page with an external style sheet.</p>
</body>
</html>
14. How do you handle errors in JavaScript?
ans: In JavaScript, error handling is crucial for managing unexpected situations or bugs that may occur during the execution of a script. Error handling is typically done using the try, catch, finally, and throw statements.
15. Explain structure of a JSON file? How do you convert a JSON file into JavaScript
object?
ans: A JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) file has a simple structure that consists of key-value pairs and data types such as strings, numbers, arrays, objects, booleans, and null. The basic structure follows a key-value pair format enclosed in curly braces { }.
Here’s an example:
{
"name": "John Doe",
"age": 25,
"city": "Example City",
"isStudent": false,
"grades": [90, 85, 92],
"address": {
"street": "123 Main Street",
"zipCode": "12345"
},
"isEmployed": null
}
To convert a JSON file into a JavaScript object, you can use the JSON.parse() method in JavaScript. Here’s an example:
// Sample JSON string (can be read from a file or an API response)
const jsonString = '{"name": "John Doe", "age": 25, "city": "Example City"}';
// Parse the JSON string into a JavaScript object
const jsonObject = JSON.parse(jsonString);
// Access the values using object properties
console.log(jsonObject.name); // Output: John Doe
console.log(jsonObject.age); // Output: 25
console.log(jsonObject.city); // Output: Example City
16. Explain structure of XML file with example.
ans: An XML (eXtensible Markup Language) file has a hierarchical structure that uses tags to define elements and their relationships. Each XML document begins with a prolog, followed by an element called the root element, which contains other nested elements.
Here’s a basic example of an XML file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bookstore>
<book category="fiction">
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<author>J.K. Rowling</author>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>
<book category="non-fiction">
<title lang="es">Cien años de soledad</title>
<author>Gabriel García Márquez</author>
<price>19.95</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
Group “C”
Long Answer Questions:
17. Design an HTML form to provide user input for Name, Address, and Gender. The
form should also contain submit button for submitting the form data.
ans: Here’s a simple HTML form that collects user input for Name, Address, and Gender with a submit button:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
background-color: #f0f0f0;
}
form {
width: 300px;
padding: 20px;
background-color: #fff;
border-radius: 8px;
box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 8px;
}
input, select {
width: 100%;
padding: 8px;
margin-bottom: 16px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
button {
background-color: #4caf50;
color: #fff;
padding: 10px;
border: none;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
}
button:hover {
background-color: #45a049;
}
</style>
<title>User Input Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<label for="name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name" required>
<label for="address">Address:</label>
<input type="text" id="address" name="address" required>
<label for="gender">Gender:</label>
<select id="gender" name="gender" required>
<option value="male">Male</option>
<option value="female">Female</option>
<option value="other">Other</option>
</select>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
18. What is CSS box model? Create a box model that wraps around tag with margins, borders, padding, and actual content.
ans: The CSS box model is a fundamental concept that defines the structure of an HTML element.
It consists of the following components:
- Content: The actual content of the box, where text and images appear.
- Padding: The space between the content and the border.
- Border: A border surrounding the padding (if any).
- Margin: The space between the border and the surrounding elements.
Here’s an example of a box model applied to a div element:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
padding: 20px;
border: 2px solid #333;
margin: 30px;
}
</style>
<title>Box Model Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
This is the content inside the box.
</div>
</body>
</html>
19. How do you set and get cookie values in JavaScript? Write a simple JavaScript code
to set cookie values for username and password.
ans: In JavaScript, you can use the document.cookie property to set and get cookie values.
Here’s a simple example of how to set and get cookie values for a username and password:
// Function to set a cookie
function setCookie(name, value, daysToExpire) {
const expirationDate = new Date();
expirationDate.setDate(expirationDate.getDate() + daysToExpire);
const cookieString = `${name}=${value}; expires=${expirationDate.toUTCString()}; path=/`;
document.cookie = cookieString;
}
// Function to get a cookie value by name
function getCookie(name) {
const cookies = document.cookie.split(';');
for (const cookie of cookies) {
const [cookieName, cookieValue] = cookie.trim().split('=');
if (cookieName === name) {
return cookieValue;
}
}
return null;
}
// Example: Set username and password cookies for 7 days
setCookie('username', 'john_doe', 7);
setCookie('password', 'secure_password', 7);
// Example: Get and display username and password from cookies
const username = getCookie('username');
const password = getCookie('password');
console.log('Username:', username);
console.log('Password:', password);
20. Explain XML schema with example. What is DTD?
ans: XML Schema, often referred to as XSD (XML Schema Definition), is a more modern and powerful schema definition language for XML documents.
• The extension of XML Schema must be .xsd.
• It provides a way to describe the structure and constraints of XML data, offering increased expressiveness and validation capabilities compared to Document Type Definitions (DTDs).
Example of XML Schema (XSD):
Consider a simple XML document representing information about books. The corresponding XML Schema might look like this:
<!-- Bookstore.xsd -->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<!-- Define the elements and their types -->
<xs:element name="bookstore">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="book" type="BookType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:complexType name="BookType">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="title" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="author" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="price" type="xs:decimal"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>
DTD, which stands for Document Type Definition, is a formal specification used to define the structure and the legal elements and attributes of an XML document.
• It serves as a schema definition for XML, providing a set of rules that describe the data content and organization within an XML document.
Group “D”
Comprehensive Questions:
21. Explain different ways of inserting CSS in an HTML document? What is pseudo-class
selector?
ans: Different Ways of Inserting CSS in an HTML Document are:
- Inline Styles:
CSS is directly applied to an HTML element using the style attribute.
Example:
<p style="color: red; font-size: 16px;">This is a paragraph with inline styles.</p>
- Internal Styles:
CSS is placed within the <style> tag in the document’s head section.
Example:
<head>
<style>
p {
color: blue;
font-size: 18px;
}
</style>
</head>
- External Styles (Linked CSS file):
CSS is stored in a separate file and linked to the HTML document.
Example (in HTML file):
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
Pseudo-Class Selector:
A pseudo-class is a keyword added to a selector that specifies a special state of the selected element. It allows you to style an element based on its state or position, such as :hover for mouse-over, :active for a clicked link, etc.
22. Create an HTML form with fields username, password, and country. The username field should be textbox type, password field should be password type, and the country should be a drop-down list. Now write a JavaScript function to validate this form. The function should validate the username to be of length 8, password should start with digit and should be alphanumeric, and the country field should be selected.
ans: Here’s an example of an HTML form with username, password, and country fields, along with a JavaScript function to validate the form:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Form Validation</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
background-color: #f0f0f0;
}
form {
width: 300px;
padding: 20px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 8px;
background-color: #fff;
box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 8px;
}
input, select {
width: 100%;
padding: 8px;
margin-bottom: 16px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
button {
background-color: #4caf50;
color: white;
padding: 10px 15px;
border: none;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
}
button:hover {
background-color: #45a049;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form id="myForm" onsubmit="return validateForm()">
<label for="username">Username:</label>
<input type="text" id="username" name="username" required>
<label for="password">Password:</label>
<input type="password" id="password" name="password" required>
<label for="country">Country:</label>
<select id="country" name="country" required>
<option value="">Select Country</option>
<option value="usa">USA</option>
<option value="canada">Canada</option>
<option value="uk">UK</option>
<!-- Add more countries as needed -->
</select>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
<script>
function validateForm() {
var username = document.getElementById('username').value;
var password = document.getElementById('password').value;
var country = document.getElementById('country').value;
// Validate username
if (username.length ! = = 8) {
alert('Username should be of length 8');
return false;
}
// Validate password
if (!/^\d/.test(password) || !/^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/.test(password)) {
alert('Password should start with a digit and be alphanumeric');
return false;
}
// Validate country
if (country = = = '') {
alert('Please select a country');
return false;
}
// If all validations pass, the form is submitted
return true;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>