A Computer Based Information System (CBIS) is a system that uses computer technology to perform tasks related to collecting, processing, storing, and distributing information.
- It combines people, hardware, software, data, and networks to support decision-making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization within an organization.
Key Components of a CBIS:
- Hardware – The physical devices (e.g., computers, servers, networking equipment).
- Software – The programs and applications that process data.
- Data – The raw facts that are processed to produce useful information.
- People – Users who interact with the system (e.g., IT staff, end users).
- Procedures – The policies and rules that govern the operation of the system.
- Networks – Communication systems that connect various hardware components and users.
Purpose:
The main goal of a CBIS is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of operations, enhance communication, and support better decision-making within an organization.
Types of Information Systems:
Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) are designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information. These systems support decision-making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.
Here are the main types of Computer-Based Information Systems:
1. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
A Transaction Processing System is designed to handle and record the routine, day-to-day transactions that are essential for business operations.
- It helps to manage repetitive business activities like sales, billing, and payroll.
- Examples: Payroll systems, order processing systems, billing systems.
- It is used by Operational staff and first-line supervisors.
- It handles high volumes of repetitive transactions quickly and accurately; ensures data integrity and consistency.
2. Management Information Systems (MIS)
A Management Information System provides structured and summarized reports based on data extracted from TPS for managerial use.
- It helps middle managers monitor organizational performance and make short-to-medium-term decisions.
- Examples: Inventory control systems, sales performance tracking systems.
- It is used by Middle-level managers.
- It uses data from TPS, generates regular reports like summaries and comparisons; less interactive than DSS.
3. Decision Support Systems (DSS)
A Decision Support System is an interactive software tool that aids in complex decision-making by analyzing large sets of data.
- It supports managers in making data-driven decisions for semi-structured or unstructured problems.
- Examples: Financial planning systems, logistics and route optimization tools.
- It is used by Managers, business analysts, strategic planners.
- It provides features like models and simulations, allows user interaction, supports “what-if” analysis and forecasting.
4. Executive Information Systems (EIS) / Executive Support Systems (ESS)
An Executive Information System provides senior management with easy access to internal and external information relevant to strategic goals.
- It provides top executives with a high-level overview of the organization’s performance.
- Examples: Dashboards, KPI visualizations, strategic trend reports.
- It is used by Senior executives and top-level management.
- It provides features like Summarized data, real-time updates, graphical and visual interface for trend analysis.
5. Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP)
An Enterprise Resource Planning system is an integrated software solution that consolidates and automates all core business processes across departments.
- It provides a unified view of the organization by integrating all functional areas such as HR, finance, production, and sales.
- Examples: SAP, Oracle ERP, Microsoft Dynamics.
- It is used across all departments and management levels.
- It provides features like Real-time data access, modular design, centralized database, promotes collaboration and efficiency.
6. Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRM)
A Customer Relationship Management system helps businesses manage and analyze customer interactions and data throughout the customer lifecycle.
- It enhances customer satisfaction, loyalty, and retention by organizing sales, marketing, and support activities.
- Examples: Salesforce, HubSpot, Zoho CRM.
- It is used by Salespeople, marketers, customer support representatives.
- It provides features like Tracks leads, communications, automates marketing tasks, improves customer service.
7. Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)
A Knowledge Management System is used to capture, store, and share organizational knowledge and best practices.
- It ensures that valuable organizational knowledge is documented and made accessible for use and reuse.
- Examples: Wikis, internal portals, expert systems.
- It is used by Employees across all levels, especially in research, development, and consulting.
- It provides features like Document storage, search tools, learning modules, expert directories.
8. Office Automation Systems (OAS)
An Office Automation System facilitates day-to-day clerical and administrative tasks by using electronic tools and software.
- It helps to increase the productivity and efficiency of office staff through the automation of documentation and communication.
- Examples: Microsoft Office Suite, Google Workspace.
- It is used by Clerical workers, administrative assistants, managers.
- It provides features like Word processing, spreadsheets, email, calendaring, and file sharing.
9. Supply Chain Management Systems (SCM)
A Supply Chain Management System helps in the planning, execution, and monitoring of supply chain operations from suppliers to customers.
- It helps to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the flow of goods, services, and information.
- Examples: SAP SCM, Oracle SCM.
- It is used by Supply chain managers, logistics coordinators, procurement teams.
- It provides features like Inventory management, demand forecasting, supplier collaboration, order processing.
