TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the fundamental communication protocol suite that allows devices to communicate over the internet and other networks.
1.) Known Addresses
A known address in TCP/IP refers to a scenario where the sender already has the destination IP address to which data is being sent.
- If the IP address of the recipient device is already known, data packets are sent directly to that address without the need for address resolution.
- Example: Entering an IP address (e.g., 192.168.1.1) directly into a browser allows the device to communicate without querying for the address.
2.) Unknown Addresses
An unknown address refers to cases where the sender does not know the destination IP address and must resolve it first.
- When a destination IP address is unknown, the system uses the Domain Name System (DNS) to resolve a domain name into its corresponding IP address.
- Example: Typing “www.bimstudies.com” in a browser triggers a DNS query to retrieve the associated IP address, enabling communication.
3.) TCP Connections
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a protocol that ensures reliable communication between devices by establishing a connection before data transmission.
- TCP connections are established through a three-way handshake, ensuring reliable delivery of data by segmenting, sequencing, and acknowledging packets during communication.
- Example: When sending an email, TCP ensures that the message is transmitted reliably and reassembled correctly at the recipient’s end.
4.) TCP/IP and Network Layers
TCP/IP uses a layered architecture to organize how data is transmitted across a network.
- The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: the application layer (for user interactions), the transport layer (for data reliability), the internet layer (for addressing and routing), and the link layer (for hardware communication).
- Example: Browsing a website involves the application layer (HTTP), the transport layer (TCP), the internet layer (IP), and the link layer (Ethernet or Wi-Fi) working together to transfer data.
