E-Library

• Introduction to HRM
• Concept and Characteristics of HRM
• Objectives and Functions of HRM
• Human Resource Management System
• Concept and Characteristics of Human Resource Planning
• Human Resource Outcomes and Challenges
• Process and Importance of HRP
• Job Design and Analysis
• Talent Acquisition and Development
• Performance Appraisal, Reward Management and Motivation
• Employee Maintenance and Emerging Issues in HRM

• Computer Science
• Model questions and solution (I)
• Model Questions Solution (II)
• Model Questions Solution (III)
• Model Questions Solution (IV)
• Model Questions Solution (V)
• Model Questions and Solutions(VIII)
• Model Questions and Solution(VII)
• Model Questions and Solution (VI)

• Lab Works
• Lab Works(Business Statistics 3rd sem.)

• Data Structure and Algorithm
• DSA Model Question Solutions 2023
• DSA Model Question Solution (1)
• DSA Model Questions and Solutions(2)
• DSA Model Questions and Solutions(3)
• DSA Model Questions and Solutions (4)
• Web programming I
• Web programming I Model Question Solution
• Web Technology I Model Question Solution (1)
• Web Programming - I Model Question and Solutions(2015)
• Web Programming - I Model Question and Solutions(2016))
• Web Programming- I Model Question and Solutions(2017)
• Web Programming- I Model Question and Solutions(2018))
• Web Programming- I Model Question and Solutions(2019)
• Web Programming-I Model Question and Solutions(2020)
• Web Programming-I Model Question and Solutions(2021)
• Web Programming -I Model Question and Solutions(2022)
• Microprocessor and Computer Architecture
• Microprocessor and Computer Architecture Model Question Solu...
• MCA Model Question Solutions (1)
• Model Question And Solution -2012
• Model Question And Solution -2014
• Model Question And Solution 2015
• Model Question And Solution 2016
• Model Question And Solution 2017
• Model Question And Solution 2018-(1)
• Model Question And Solution 2018-(2)
• Model Question And Solution 2019(1)
• Model Question And Solution 2019(2)
• Model Question And Solution 2020
• Model Question And Solution (2021)
• Model Question And Solution 2022
• Financial Accounting
• Financial Accounting Model Question Solution 2023
• Business Statistics
• Business statistics Model Question Solution
• 3rd semester Exam Paper and Solutions(2024)
• Exam Paper Solutions 3rd SEM. (2024 )

• Operating system Overview
• Introduction to Operating System
• Evolution of Operating System
• Types of Operating System
• System Call and Handling of System Calls
• Structure of Operating System
• The Shell
• The Kernel
• Open Source Operating System
• Processes and Threads
• Introduction to Process and Program
• Multiprogramming
• Process Model, Creation, States and Control Block
• Threads, Thread vs Process
• Introduction to Process Scheduling
• Batch System Scheduling
• Interactive System Scheduling
• Classical IPC problems
• Deadlocks
• Introduction to Deadlock
• Preemptable and Non-preemptable Resources
• Handling Deadlocks
• Resource Allocation Graph
• Banker’ Algorithm
• Deadlock Detection
• Recovery from Deadlock
• Memory Management
• Introduction to Memory Management
• Logical vs Physical Address Spaces
• Monoprogramming vs Multi- programming
• Memory Management with Swapping
• Memory Allocation Strategies
• Fixed and Variable Partition Strategies
• Introduction to Virtual memory
• Paging and Page Table
• Page Replacement Algorithms
• Concept of Locality of Reference
• Segmentation
• File Management
• File Overview
• Directory Structures in File Management
• File System Layout
• Implementing Files
• Directory Operations
• Free Space Management
• Device Management
• Introduction to Device Management
• Operating System Security
• Basic Concepts of Operating System Security
• Security Problems
• Authentication and Authorization Mechanisms
• Model of Secure System
• Distributed Operating System
• Introduction to Distributed Operating System
• Advantages of Distributed OS over Centralized OS
• Communication Structure in Distributed system
• Message Passing in Distributed System
• Remote File Access
• Case Study
• Windows Operating System
• Linux Operating System
• Mobile Operating System
• Windows Vs Linux Vs Mobile OS

• Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
• Concept of Artificial Intelligence
• Foundations of AI
• AI Ethics and Responsible AI
• Intelligent Agents
• Problem Solving by Searching
• Knowledge Representation
• Machine Learning
• Applications of AI

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• Introduction to Python
• Concept of Python
• Python Basics
• Python Operators
• Control Statements
• Built-In Data Types
• Functions
• Object-oriented Programming
• File Handling
• Common Python Libraries
• Advanced Topics

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• Exercise
• All Exercise

• Web Development
• Web Page Layout
• Navbar Designs
• Login Form
• Card Designs
• HTML and CSS projects
• Bouncing Ball Animation
• HTML5 Elements Showcase

• Database Concepts and Architecture
• Introduction to DBMS
• Database Users and Administrator
• Data Models, Schemas, and Instances
• Three-Schema Architecture and Data Independence
• Database Languages and Interfaces
• The Database System Environment
• Centralized and Client/Server Architectures for DBMSs
• Classification of Database Management Systems
• Data Modelling Using Entity-Relational Model and Relational ...
• Introduction to Entity-Relational Model and Relational Model
• Entity, Entity Types and Entity Sets
• Attributes and Types of Attributes
• Keys in DBMS
• Relationship Types and Relationship Sets
• Structural Constraints in ER
• Concepts of Specialization and Generalization
• The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus
• Introduction
• Unary Relational Operations
• Relational Algebra Operations from Set Theory
• Binary Relational Operations
• Additional Relational Operations
• The Tuple and Domain Relational Calculus
• Database Normalization
• Introduction to Normalization
• Introduction to Functional Dependency
• Introduction to Decomposition
• SQL
• Introduction to SQL
• Data Definition Language (DDL)
• Data Manipulation Language (DML)
• Transaction Processing, Concurrency Control and Recovery Tec...
• Introduction to Transaction Processing
• Serializability
• Introduction to Concurrency Control
• Concurrency Control Techniques
• Introduction to Database Recovery
• Recovery Based on Deferred Update
• Recovery Technique Based on Immediate Update
• Shadow Paging
• Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures
• Advanced Topics
• Database Performance Tuning
• Database Security
• Concept of Parallel and Distributed Databases
• Concept of Data Warehousing and Data Mining
• Big Data and NoSQL Databases
• Model Question Solution - DBMS

• Introduction
• Server-Side Scripting
• Setting Up Development Server
• PHP Basics
• PHP Data Types
• PHP Operators
• Control Statements
• Functions in PHP
• Including and Requiring Files
• PHP Super global
• Strings and Arrays
• String and String Functions
• Array in PHP
• Object-Oriented Programming
• OOP Terminologies
• Exception Handling
• File and Form Handling
• Introduction to File handling
• Reading a File in PHP
• Writing to a File in PHP
• Introduction to Form Handling
• Building Forms in PHP
• Retrieving and Processing Form Data in PHP
• Working with Database
• Introduction
• Setting Up a Database Connection in PHP
• Querying Databases
• CRUD Operations Using Forms
• Cookies, Sessions and Authentication
• Introduction to Cookies
• Setting Cookies in PHP
• Accessing Cookies in PHP
• Destroying Cookies in PHP
• HTTP Authentication
• Introduction to Sessions
• Differences Between Cookies and Sessions
• Server-Side Web Framework
• Introduction
• Model Question Solution - PHP

• Introduction to Organizational Behavior
• Concept of organizational behavior
• Levels of OB analysis
• Organizational behavior system
• Basic assumptions of organizational behavior
• Contributing disciplines to the field of OB
• Individual behavior as an input-output system
• Mental process
• New challenges for manager in OB
• Perception and Learning
• Concept of perception
• Perceptual process
• Factors affecting perception
• Attribution Theory and Errors
• Perception and Individual Decision Making
• Concept and Principles of Learning
• Learning Theories
• Behavior modification
• Personality
• Concept and Types of Personality
• Personality Traits and Characteristics
• Determinants of Personality
• Emotions and Personality
• Major Personality Attributes
• Job Satisfaction
• Concept and Importance of Job Satisfaction
• Measuring Job Satisfaction
• Effects of Job Satisfaction
• Organizational Conflict and Stress
• Concept, Nature, and Types of Conflict
• Sources of Conflict
• Approaches to Conflict Management
• Resolving Conflict through Negotiation
• Functional and Dysfunctional Conflicts
• Concept and Causes of Organizational stress
• Managing Organizational Stress
• Organizational Change and Development
• Concept and Forces of Change
• Resistance to Change
• Approaches to Managing Organizational Change
• Concept and Features of Organizational development (OD)

• Conceptual Foundation
• Introduction to Financial Accounting
• Introduction to Cost Accounting
• Introduction to Management Accounting
• Question and Answer
• Cost Concept and Cost Classification
• Concept and Importance of Cost
• Basic Concept of Cost and Expense
• Cost Classification
• Cost Segregation and Estimation
• Accounting for Materials
• Materials/ Inventory
• Stock Control through ABC Analysis and just in time inventor...
• Concept and Techniques of Perpetual Inventory System
• Danger Level and Safety Stock
• Average Stock Level
• Maximum and Minimum Stock Level
• Re - order level
• Economic Order Quantity
• Inventory Control
• Accounting for Labour Cost
• Labour Cost
• Remuneration without Premium plan
• Remuneration with Premium plan
• Accounting for Overhead Cost
• Introduction to Overhead Cost
• Direct Labour hours and Direct Machine hours
• Apportionment and Absorption of overhead cost based on volum...
• Apportionment and Absorption of Overhead
• Costing in Services Sectors
• Service Cost
• Preparation of Cost Sheets
• Limitations of Service Costing
• Accounting for Profit Planning
• Introduction to Product Cost and Period Cost
• Absorption Costing
• Variable Costing
• Reconciliation Statement
• Introduction to Cost Volume Profit Analysis
• Contribution Margin Ratio
• Break Even Analysis
• Margin of Safety
• Cost Accounting for Planning and Control
• Concept of standard cost and standard costing
• Variance Analysis
• Material variances
• Labour Variances
• Overhead Cost Variance
• Introduction to Budget
• Types of Budget
• Concept and Importance of Fixed and Flexible Budgets
• Difference between Fixed and Flexible Budgets
• Short Term Decision making
• Concept, need and objectives of short term decisions
• Cost concept in decision making
• Types of decisions

• Introduction
• Basic economic issues
• Introduction to Microeconomics
• Introduction to Macroeconomics
• Analysis of Demand, Supply, and Market Efficiency
• Demand Function
• Supply Function
• Market Equilibrium
• Economic Efficiency
• Price Elasticity of Demand
• Price Elasticity of Demand in Demand Curve
• Concept of Revenue
• Relationship between revenue and price elasticity of demand
• Uses of price elasticity of demand in business decision maki...
• Concept and Calculation of Income Elasticity of demand
• Cross Elasticity of Demand
• Advertisement Elasticity of Demand
• Price Elasticity of Supply
• Production, Cost, and Profit analysis
• Introduction to Production
• Law of variable Proportions
• Optimal Employment of One Variable Input
• Introduction to Isoquants
• Market Structure and Pricing Practices
• Concept of Market Structure
• Perfect Competition
• Monopoly
• Monopolistic Competition
• Oligopoly
• Goal of the Firm
• Pricing Practices
• Wage Differentials
• Interest Rate Differentials
• Fundamentals of Macroeconomics
• Concepts of National Accounts
• Consumption, Saving, and Investment Functions
• Inflation, Deflation and Business Cycle
• Introduction to Balance of Payments
• Introduction to Exchange Rate
• Introduction to Monetary Policy
• Introduction to Fiscal policy

• Introduction to Data Communications
• Meaning of Data Communication
• Data Communications Networks
• Types of Networks
• Network Models
• Network Standards
• Future Trends
• Application Layer
• Introduction to Application Layer
• Application Architectures
• World Wide Web
• Electronic Mail
• Telnet, Instant Messaging and Videoconferencing
• Physical Layer
• Introduction to Physical Layer
• Circuits
• Twisted Pair Cable, Coaxial Cable, Fiber-Optic Cable
• Radio and Microwave
• Digital Transmission of Digital Data
• Digital Transmission of Analog Data
• Analog Transmission of Digital Data
• Data Link Layer
• Introduction to Data Link Layer
• Media Access Control (MAC)
• Error Control
• Data Link Protocols
• Network and Transport Layers
• Introduction to Transport and Network Layer
• Transport and Network Layer Protocols
• Transport Layer Functions
• Addressing
• Routing
• TCP/IP Example
• Wired and Wireless Local Area Networks
• Introduction to Wired and Wireless Local Area Networks
• LAN Components
• Wired and Wireless Ethernet
• Backbone Networks
• Introduction to Backbone Networks
• Switched and Routed Backbones
• Virtual LANs
• Improving Backbone Performance
• Wide Area Networks
• Introduction to Wide Area Networks
• Dedicated-Circuit Networks
• Packet-Switched Networks
• Virtual Private Networks
• The Internet
• Introduction to Internet
• How the Internet Work
• Internet Access Technologies
• The Future of the Internet
• Network Design and Management
• Introduction to Network Design
• Needs Analysis
• Technology Design
• Cost Assessment
• Introduction to Network Management

• Culture And Society
• New Nepal
• Shooting an Elephant
• The Parrot in the Cage
• Money And Management
• Advertise Your Business
• The Company Man
• Light My Lucky
• Science And Environment
• The Etiquette of Freedom
• The Rights of Animal
• Gender And Women
• Professions for Women
• The Stronger
• Here I Love You
• Girl
• Popular Mechanics
• Life, Death And Beyond
• The Fly
• Jest and Earnest
• The Hundredth Dove
• The Lunatic
• Art And Philosophy
• The Clock Tower
• Beauty
• All-Pervading Poetry
• The Allegory of the Cave
• Not the Non-Existent
• Model Questions And Solution

• C programming
• Introduction
• History of c programming
• features of c

• Set Theory and Real Number System
• Exercises of Set
• Exercises of Real Number System
• Exercise of Inequalities

• Introduction to Computers
• Introduction
• History of Computer
• Generation of Computer
• Classification of Computer
• Data and Program Representation
• Applications of Computers
• Introduction to Contemporary Technologies
• Data Warehousing and Data Mining

• Library Management System
• C Programs

• Basic C programs
• Operators

• Visions
• C Programming
• Questions and Answers of C programing of 2023(exam)
• Model Questions Solution of C programming (2024)
• Computer Fundamentals
• Foundation of Business Management
• Basic Mathematics

• Introduction to Business and Business forms
• Introduction
• Scope of Business
• Management Thoughts
• Planning and Decision Making
• Introduction to Planning
• Process of Planning
• Kinds of Plans
• Planning Tools and Techniques
• Management by Objectives (MBO)
• Introduction to Decision Making
• Process of Decision Making
• Behavioral Aspects of Decision Making
• Forms of group decision making in organizations
• Organizing and Leading

• Logics And Proofs
• Logic
• Type Of Compound Sentence
• Implication
• Biconditional, Tautology, Contradiction.......
• Number Theory
• Induction & Recursion
• Mathematical Reduction
• Counting & Advance Counting
• Counting and Counting Principle
• The Pigeonhole Principle
• Permutation & Combination
• Binomial Theorem
• Pascal`s Identity and Triangle
• Graphs
• Introduction
• Graph terminology
• Special Types of Graph
• Representation of Graph
• Graph Isomorphism
• Connectivity
• Euler & Hamilton Path and Circuits
• Shortest Path Problem
• Planar and Non-Planar Graph
• Graph coloring and its Application
• Trees
• Introduction
• Application of Trees
• Tree Traversal
• DFS & BFS
• Spanning Trees

• Binary Systems
• Digital Computer and Digital Systems
• Number System
• Binary Conversion
• Decimal Conversion
• Hexa-decimal Conversion
• Octal Conversion
• 9`s & 10`s complement
• 1`s and 2`s complement
• Binary Addition and Subtraction
• BCD
• Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates
• Boolean Algebra
• Logic Gates
• Basic Theorem and properties of Boolean Algebra
• Laws of Boolean Algebra
• Canonical Form
• SOP & POS
• Simplification of Boolean Functions
• The Map Method
• Mapping SOP expression
• Grouping the 1s
• Combinational Logic
• Design Procedure
• Adder
• Subtractor
• Decoders & Encoders
• Multiplexers & DeMultiplexers
• Sequential Logic
• Introduction
• Flip-Flops
• Registers, Counters and the Memory Unit
• Registers

• Web Essential
• The Internet
• Basic Internet Protocols
• Higher Level Protocols-(HTTP, WWW, URL)
• Client/Server Architecture
• Web Page and Website
• Web Version
• Questions and Answers of Web Essentials
• Markup Language (HTML)
• Introduction to HTML
• Structure of HTML Document
• Elements and Attributes
• HTML 5
• Sectioning Elements of HTML 5
• Class and Id Attributes
• HTML Events
• Style Sheet Language
• Cascading Style Sheets
• Inserting CSS
• Name ,ID and Class Selectors
• Colors ,Backgrounds and Borders
• Box Model
• Text , Font, Links ,List and Tables
• Forms
• Media Queries
• Responsive Web Design
• Responsive Web Design Frameworks
• JavaScript-Client Side Scripting
• Introduction
• Variables and Data Types
• Operators
• Control Statements
• Functions
• Arrays
• Classes & Objects In JavaScript
• eXtensible Markup Language
• Introduction
• Elements and Attributes
• Namespace
• DTD and Schema
• Introduction to XPath
• Introduction to XSLT
• Introduction to XQuery
• Model Question Solutions
• Model Question 2023 Solution
• 50+ JavaScript Programs
• Basic programs

• Introduction to Data Structure and Algorithms
• Introduction
• Data types, Data Structure and Abstract data type(ADT)
• Operations Performed in Data Structure
• Introduction of Algorithms
• Computational Complexity
• Asymptotic notations
• Asymptotic Complexity
• Questions and Answers of DSA
• Linked Lists
• Basic Concept of List and ADT
• Array Implementation of Lists
• Linked List
• Types of Linked List
• Basic Operations in Linked List
• Skip List
• Lists in java.util.
• Questions and Answers of Linked Lists
• Stack
• Basic Concept of stack
• Stack Implementation(Array and Linked List)
• Stack Applications
• Conversion from infix to postfix/prefix expression
• Stacks in java. util.
• Questions and Answers of Stack
• Queues
• Basic Concept of Queue
• Queue as an ADT
• Primitive Operation in Queue
• Linear Queue
• Queue Implementation(Array and Linked List)
• Circular and Priority Queue
• Queue applications
• Questions and Answers of Queue
• Recursion
• Recursive Definitions
• Method Calls and Recursion Implementation
• Direct, Indirect and Tail Recursion
• Nested and Excessive Recursion
• Factorial, Fibonacci Sequence and GCD
• Recursion and Iteration
• Tower of Hanoi(TOH) Problem
• Questions and Answers
• Trees
• Introduction of Tree
• Binary Trees and its Types
• Tree Traversal
• Binary Search Tree Operation
• AVL Trees
• Expression Trees
• Implementing Binary Trees
• Heap Tree
• Huffman Algorithm
• Self - Adjusting Tree
• Multiway Search Tree
• Questions and Answers
• Graphs
• Introduction
• Graph Representation
• Graph Traversals-DFS & BFS
• Greedy Algorithm
• Dijkstra's Algorithm
• Floyd Warshall Algorithm
• Spanning Trees & Minimum Spanning Tree
• Kruskal's Algorithm
• Prim's Algorithm
• Topological Sort
• Questions and Answers
• Sorting
• Introduction
• Internal and External Sorting
• Sorting Algorithms
• Bubble Sort
• Insertion Sort
• Selection Sort
• Heap Sort
• Quick Sort
• Merge Sort
• Radix Sort
• Efficiency of Sorting Algorithms
• Sorting in java.util.
• Questions and Answers
• Searching and Hashing
• Introduction
• Efficiency of Searching Algorithms
• Hashing and Hash Functions
• Collision Resolution Technique
• Hashing in java.util.
• Questions and Answers of Searching and Hashing

• Basic Understanding of Financial Accounting
• Introduction
• Book-keeping, Accounting & Accountancy
• Users & Uses of Accounting Information
• Theory Questions & Answers
• Conceptual Framework of Accounting
• GAAP and its features
• Basic Accounting Concepts
• Basic Accounting Conventions
• Accrual vs Cash, Accounting vs Accountancy
• Accounting Standards
• Classification of Accounting Standards
• Theory Questions & Answers
• Accounting Process
• Accounting Events of Business
• Accounting Equation for Analyzing the Transactions
• Debit and Credit and theirs rules
• Recording Process of accounting Events
• Journal
• Ledger
• Trial Balance
• Closing Entries
• Opening Entries
• Accounting for Cash and Bank Reconciliation Statement
• Concept of Cash
• Concept of Bank Account
• Cheques
• Bank Statement
• Preparation of Bank Reconciliation Statement
• Accounting for Property, Plant and Equipment
• Concept of Property, Plant and Equipment
• Features and types
• Acquisition cost of plant ,property and equipment
• Depreciation property,plant and equipment
• Choice of depreciation method
• Disposal of property, plant and equipment
• Impact of depreciation on profit measurment
• Intangible assets
• capital versus revenue
• Basic Financial Statements
• Introduction to Financial Statements
• Basic Nepal Accounting Standards (NASs)
• Preparation of Financial Statement under NFRS
• Statement of Profit or Loss (Income Statement)
• Value Added Statement
• Concept of Value Added
• Concept of Value Added Statement
• Preparation of Value Added Statement
• Analysis of Financial Statement
• Financial Statement Analysis
• Ratio Analysis
• Types of Ratios

• Introduction to Microprocessor
• Overviews of Microprocessor
• Microprocessor Components
• System Buses
• Microprocessor System with Bus Organization
• Introduction to SAP1 and SAP2
• Questions And Answers of Microprocessor
• Intel 8085
• Overviews of Intel 8085
• Functional Block Diagram and Pin Configuration
• Timing and Control Unit
• Registers, Data and Address Bus
• Intel 8085 Instructions
• Operation Code and Operands
• Addressing Modes
• Interrupts and Flags
• Instructions and Data Flow inside 8085
• Basic Assembly Language Programming Using 8085 Instruction ...
• Questions and Answers
• Microoperation
• Arithmetic Microoperations
• Logic Microoperations
• Shift Microoperations
• Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit
• Questions and Answers
• Central Processing Unit and Control Unit
• Introduction
• Register Organization
• Stack Organization
• Instruction Format
• Addressing Modes
• Data Transfer and Manipulation
• RISC and CISC
• Questions and Answers
• Pipelining
• Parallel Processing and Pipelining
• Arithmetic Pipelining
• Instruction Pipelining
• Pipeline Hazards
• Questions and Answers
• Computer Arithmetic
• Introduction
• Addition and Subtraction
• Multiplication Algorithms
• Division Algorithms
• Questions and Answers
• Input and Output Organization
• Peripheral Devices
• Input - Output Interface
• Asynchronous Data Transfer
• Modes of Transfer
• Priority Interrupt
• Direct Memory Access
• Input - Output Processor
• Serial Communication
• Questions and Answers
• Memory Organization
• Introduction
• Memory Hierarchy
• Main Memory
• Auxiliary Memory
• Associative Memory
• Cache Memory
• Virtual Memory
• Memory Management Hardware
• Questions and Answers of Memory Organization

• Describing Data using Graphs and Tables
• Uses & Scope of Statistics in Business & Management
• Frequency Distribution
• Stem-and-leaf plots
• Diagrams
• Bar Diagrams & Its Types
• Histogram & Ogive curve
• Theoretical Questions & Answers
• Describing Data Using Numerical Measures
• Measure of Central Tendency
• Mean
• Simple Linear Correlation Analysis
• Introduction
• Methods of Studying Simple Correlation
• Probable Error
• Simple Linear Regression Analysis
• Probability
• Introduction
• Types of Events
• Approaches to Probability
• Theory Questions & Answers-1
• Numerical Problems-1
• Laws of probability
• Conditional probability
• Estimation
• Introduction
• Properties of Good Estimator
• Point and Interval Estimates
• Questions & Solutions
• Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
• Introduction